技術文章
Technical articles美(mei)國Dwyer差(cha)壓計的差(cha)壓的作用(yong)原理分類
東莞天驥自動化有限公(gong)司(si)是一家專(zhuan)業(ye)從事歐洲(zhou)工業(ye)產(chan)品(pin)進口(kou)貿易的公(gong)司(si),致力(li)于打造德國、瑞(rui)士等歐洲(zhou)中小(xiao)型自動化企(qi)業(ye)與國內客戶的連接橋梁,專(zhuan)業(ye)做工控產(chan)品(pin)和用戶之間的一站式供應商(shang)。主要產(chan)品(pin)有工業(ye)自動化設備(bei)、機電工控設備(bei)、液壓設備(bei)、電氣設備(bei)和零部(bu)件等產(chan)品(pin)。
從德國(guo)直(zhi)接(jie)采(cai)購(gou), 享受到價格(ge)低貨期短,歐洲原裝正品(pin)的(de)采(cai)購(gou)服務(wu)。對于一些德國(guo)品(pin)牌產品(pin),我(wo)們通過集中采(cai)購(gou)以(yi)獲(huo)取廠家(jia)折扣,可以(yi)提(ti)供比國(guo)內市場價格(ge)相對優惠(hui)的(de)報價供貨給客(ke)戶(hu)。對于不太容易(yi)找到的(de)德國(guo)及歐洲小品(pin)牌的(de)工(gong)業產品(pin)
1)節(jie)流式(shi) 依據(ju)流體通(tong)過節(jie)流件使部分壓(ya)力(li)能轉(zhuan)變為動能以(yi)產生(sheng)差(cha)壓(ya)的原理工作(zuo),其(qi)檢(jian)測件稱(cheng)
之為節流裝置,是DPF的主要品種。
2)動壓(ya)頭式 依據動壓(ya)轉(zhuan)變為(wei)靜壓(ya)的(de)原理工(gong)作,如均速管(guan)流量計。
3)水(shui)力(li)阻力(li)式(shi) 依據流體(ti)阻力(li)產生的壓(ya)差(cha)原(yuan)理工(gong)作,檢測件為毛(mao)細管束,又稱層(ceng)流流量計,一
般用于微(wei)小流(liu)量(liang)(liang)測量(liang)(liang)。
4)離心(xin)式 依(yi)據彎曲管(guan)或(huo)環狀管(guan)產生(sheng)離心(xin)力原理(li)形成的壓差工(gong)作(zuo),如(ru)彎管(guan)流量計,環形管(guan)流量
計等。
5)動(dong)壓增益式 依(yi)據動(dong)壓放大原(yuan)理工(gong)作,如皮托-文丘里管。
6)射流式 依據流體射流撞擊產生原理工(gong)作,如射流式差(cha)壓流量計(ji)。
差壓式流量計的(de)靜壓誤差怎么矯(jiao)正
差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)式流量計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)靜(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)及其校(xiao)正(zheng)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)送(song)(song)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)刻度通(tong)常是在(zai)(zai)負壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)室通(tong)大(da)氣的(de)(de)(de)條件下(xia)校(xiao)驗的(de)(de)(de),安裝到(dao)現場通(tong)入實際使用靜(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)校(xiao)零(ling)(ling)(ling)時,往往發現零(ling)(ling)(ling)位(wei)(wei)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)與負壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)室通(tong)大(da)氣校(xiao)驗時的(de)(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)(ling)位(wei)(wei)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)不一(yi)致。這種正(zheng)負壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)室通(tong)入相同靜(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)得(de)(de)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)(ling)位(wei)(wei)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)評理通(tong)入大(da)氣校(xiao)驗時的(de)(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)(ling)位(wei)(wei)稱為靜(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)送(song)(song)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)靜(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)是由其正(zheng)負壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)室膜盒(he)有效(xiao)面積(ji)不相等引起的(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)(zai)DDZ-Ⅲ型(xing)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)送(song)(song)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong),靜(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)可高達±0.5%FS。在(zai)(zai)智(zhi)能型(xing)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)送(song)(song)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong),由于(yu)裝有靜(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)傳感器(qi)(qi),并(bing)且通(tong)過實驗的(de)(de)(de)方法測出(chu)(chu)(chu)靜(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)在(zai)(zai)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)范圍內(nei)變(bian)化時,零(ling)(ling)(ling)位(wei)(wei)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)偏離值,然后在(zai)(zai)表(biao)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)單片機中(zhong)將靜(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)予以校(xiao)正(zheng)。經過靜(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)在(zai)(zai)線校(xiao)正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)送(song)(song)器(qi)(qi),殘存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)靜(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)一(yi)般可降低到(dao)±0.1%以下(xia),從(cong)而使其性(xing)能得(de)(de)到(dao)顯著改善(shan)。
差壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)送器(qi)的(de)靜(jing)(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)誤(wu)(wu)差如(ru)(ru)果不(bu)作(zuo)校正(zheng),將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)會給流量(liang)測量(liang)帶來誤(wu)(wu)差,有其是在(zai)相(xiang)對流量(liang)較小時(shi),影響更(geng)可(ke)觀(guan)。例如(ru)(ru)有一臺DDZ-Ⅲ型差壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)送器(qi)同節(jie)流裝(zhuang)置一起組成差壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)式流量(liang)計(ji),在(zai)常用壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)條件下(xia)其靜(jing)(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)誤(wu)(wu)差為(wei)0.5%FS,因未(wei)對此靜(jing)(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)誤(wu)(wu)差作(zuo)調整(zheng)就(jiu)投入運(yun)行,則實際流量(liang)為(wei)零(ling)(ling)時(shi),儀表的(de)流量(liang)示(shi)(shi)值(zhi)就(jiu)可(ke)能(neng)達到7.1%FS,雖然小信(xin)(xin)號切除(chu)功能(neng)就(jiu)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)這一矛盾掩(yan)蓋掉(diao),但是其影響客(ke)觀(guan)上是存在(zai)的(de),而且在(zai)全量(liang)程范(fan)圍內±0.5%FS的(de)差壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)偏離總是在(zai)起作(zuo)用。差壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)送器(qi)在(zai)制造(zao)廠出(chu)(chu)廠前零(ling)(ling)作(zuo)為(wei)一個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)指標檢(jian)驗過,但是殘存的(de)靜(jing)(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)誤(wu)(wu)差在(zai)儀表投運(yun)時(shi)還必(bi)須(xu)在(zai)使用現場通(tong)入實際靜(jing)(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)靜(jing)(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)誤(wu)(wu)差再一次檢(jian)查校核。其方(fang)法是向正(zheng)負(fu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)室(shi)通(tong)入相(xiang)同的(de)靜(jing)(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),在(zai)本(ben)書第3章圖3.14所(suo)示(shi)(shi)的(de)系統圖中(zhong)(zhong),將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)三閥(fa)組的(de)高低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)閥(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)一個(ge)打(da)開,另一個(ge)關閉,將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)平(ping)衡閥(fa)打(da)開,如(ru)(ru)果懷疑正(zheng)負(fu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)室(shi)內尚未(wei)充滿被測介質,則可(ke)通(tong)過正(zheng)負(fu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)室(shi)上的(de)排(pai)(pai)氣(或排(pai)(pai)液)閥(fa)排(pai)(pai)凈(jing)積(ji)氣(或積(ji)液),然后檢(jian)查變(bian)(bian)(bian)送器(qi)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)。有的(de)差壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)送器(qi)帶有開平(ping)方(fang)功能(neng)和(he)小信(xin)(xin)號切除(chu)功能(neng),在(zai)檢(jian)查靜(jing)(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)誤(wu)(wu)差時(shi)應將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)小信(xin)(xin)號切除(chu)功能(neng)暫(zan)(zan)時(shi)解(jie)除(chu),以觀(guan)察真正(zheng)的(de)零(ling)(ling)位(wei)。差壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)送器(qi)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)也(ye)可(ke)在(zai)流量(liang)顯示(shi)(shi)儀表或DCS中(zhong)(zhong)讀出(chu)(chu),為(wei)了讀出(chu)(chu)真正(zheng)的(de)零(ling)(ling)位(wei)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu),也(ye)需(xu)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)小信(xin)(xin)號切除(chu)功能(neng)暫(zan)(zan)時(shi)解(jie)除(chu)。將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)差壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)送器(qi)與流量(liang)顯示(shi)(shi)儀表配合起來檢(jian)查零(ling)(ling)位(wei)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu),如(ru)(ru)果零(ling)(ling)位(wei)存在(zai)偏差,則可(ke)能(neng)的(de)原因如(ru)(ru)下(xia)。
①差壓變送器(qi)靜壓誤(wu)差。
②差壓變送器安裝位置(zhi)(zhi)偏離正(zheng)確位置(zhi)(zhi)引起零點偏移(yi)。
③流量顯示儀表零點偏(pian)差。