技術文章
Technical articles什么(me)是力士樂REXROTH放大器及其用途
放(fang)大器(qi)是一種放(fang)大輸入信號(hao)電(dian)(dian)壓或(huo)功率的裝置。它由(you)電(dian)(dian)子管(guan)或(huo)晶體管(guan)、電(dian)(dian)力變壓器(qi)和其他電(dian)(dian)氣元件(jian)組成。主要用于(yu)通信、廣播、雷(lei)達、電(dian)(dian)視、自動控(kong)制等裝置中,檢(jian)測(ce)信噪比(bi)很低(di)的微弱信號(hao)。
放(fang)大(da)器的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)主(zhu)(zhu)要通過(guo)輸入信號(hao)控制(zhi)能量來實現的(de)(de),放(fang)大(da)的(de)(de)功耗由能量提供。對(dui)于(yu)線性放(fang)大(da)器,輸出是對(dui)輸入信號(hao)的(de)(de)再現和增強,其中電(dian)子放(fang)大(da)器的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)最為廣泛。該(gai)原理主(zhu)(zhu)要應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)高(gao)頻功率放(fang)大(da)器發(fa)射機的(de)(de)最后一級,保證了某(mou)一區域的(de)(de)接(jie)收機能夠接(jie)收到滿(man)意的(de)(de)信號(hao)電(dian)平(ping)。
放大器分類
通用(yong)型(xing)(xing)集(ji)成(cheng)運算(suan)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器。通用(yong)型(xing)(xing)集(ji)成(cheng)運算(suan)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器又分為Ⅰ型(xing)(xing)、Ⅱ型(xing)(xing)和Ⅲ型(xing)(xing),其(qi)中(zhong)Ⅰ型(xing)(xing)屬(shu)低增(zeng)益(yi)運算(suan)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器,Ⅱ型(xing)(xing)屬(shu)中(zhong)增(zeng)益(yi)運算(suan)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器,Ⅲ型(xing)(xing)為高(gao)增(zeng)益(yi)運算(suan)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器。
高精度(du)集成(cheng)運(yun)算放大器。主要通過那(nei)些失調電壓小(xiao),溫度(du)漂移(yi)非(fei)常(chang)小(xiao),以及增(zeng)益、共(gong)模抑制比(bi)非(fei)常(chang)高的運(yun)算放大器。這類運(yun)算放大器的噪聲(sheng)也比(bi)較小(xiao)。
高速(su)(su)型集成運(yun)算(suan)放(fang)大器。它的輸出(chu)電壓(ya)轉(zhuan)換速(su)(su)率很大,有的可達2~3kV/μS。
放大器的作用
原理:高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)放大器用于發射(she)機(ji)的(de)(de)末級,作用是將(jiang)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)已調(diao)波信號(hao)進(jin)行功(gong)率(lv)(lv)放大,以(yi)滿足發送功(gong)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)要求,然后經過天線(xian)將(jiang)其輻射(she)到(dao)空間(jian),保證在一定區(qu)域(yu)內的(de)(de)接收機(ji)可以(yi)接收到(dao)滿意的(de)(de)信號(hao)電平(ping),并且不干(gan)擾相鄰信道的(de)(de)通信。
高(gao)(gao)頻功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信系統(tong)中發送(song)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要組件。按(an)其工(gong)作頻帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寬窄劃(hua)分為(wei)(wei)窄帶高(gao)(gao)頻功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)和(he)寬帶高(gao)(gao)頻功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)兩種(zhong),窄帶高(gao)(gao)頻功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常以具有(you)選頻濾波(bo)作用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選頻電(dian)路(lu)作為(wei)(wei)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)回(hui)(hui)路(lu),故又(you)稱為(wei)(wei)調(diao)諧(xie)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)或(huo)諧(xie)振功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi);寬帶高(gao)(gao)頻功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)路(lu)則是(shi)傳輸(shu)線變壓器(qi)(qi)或(huo)其他寬帶匹配電(dian)路(lu),因(yin)此又(you)稱為(wei)(wei)非(fei)調(diao)諧(xie)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)。高(gao)(gao)頻功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)一種(zhong)能(neng)量(liang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)件,它將(jiang)電(dian)源供(gong)給的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)能(neng)量(liang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)頻交(jiao)流(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)在(zai) “低(di)頻電(dian)子線路(lu)"課(ke)程(cheng)中已(yi)知,放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)可以按(an)照(zhao)電(dian)流(liu)導通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)角的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同,將(jiang)其分為(wei)(wei)甲(jia)、乙、丙三(san)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態。甲(jia)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)角為(wei)(wei)360o,適用于(yu)小信號低(di)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)。乙類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)角約(yue)等于(yu) 180o;丙類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)角則小于(yu)180o。乙類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)和(he)丙類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)都適用于(yu)大(da)(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)工(gong)作丙類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)和(he)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)是(shi)三(san)種(zhong)工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態中最高(gao)(gao)者。高(gao)(gao)頻功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da)多工(gong)作于(yu)丙類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。但丙類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)波(bo)形(xing)失(shi)(shi)真(zhen)太大(da)(da)(da),因(yin)而不能(neng)用于(yu)低(di)頻功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da),只能(neng)用于(yu)采用調(diao)諧(xie)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)作為(wei)(wei)負載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)諧(xie)振功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)。由(you)于(yu)調(diao)諧(xie)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)具有(you)濾波(bo)能(neng)力(li),回(hui)(hui)路(lu)電(dian)流(liu)與電(dian)壓仍然極近于(yu)正弦波(bo)形(xing),失(shi)(shi)真(zhen)很小。
信號放(fang)大器的工作(zuo)原理是什么
原理:信號放大(da)器具有(you)兩(liang)個(ge)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan)和一(yi)個(ge)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)(duan),其中標有(you)“+"號的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan)為“同(tong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan)"而不(bu)能叫做正端(duan)(duan)(duan)),另一(yi)只標有(you)“一(yi)"號的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan)為“反(fan)(fan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan)"同(tong)樣也不(bu)能叫做負(fu)端(duan)(duan)(duan),如果(guo)先后分別從這兩(liang)個(ge)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)同(tong)樣的(de)(de)信號,則在輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)(duan)會得到電壓(ya)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)但極(ji)性相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)信號:輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)(duan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)信號與(yu)同(tong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)人端(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)信號同(tong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),而與(yu)反(fan)(fan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)信號反(fan)(fan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。電路符號如下:
首先,運算放(fang)(fang)大(da)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)大(da)倍數為無窮大(da),所(suo)以(yi)只(zhi)要它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)不為零,輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出端(duan)就會(hui)有與(yu)正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)或負的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源一樣高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)本(ben)來應該(gai)是無窮高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),但受到電(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限制。準確地說(shuo),如果同相輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)端(duan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)比反(fan)相輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)端(duan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao),哪怕只(zhi)高(gao)(gao)極小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一點(dian),運算放(fang)(fang)大(da)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出端(duan)就會(hui)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出一個與(yu)正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya);反(fan)之,如果反(fan)相輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)端(duan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)比同相輸(shu)(shu)(shu)人端(duan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao),運算放(fang)(fang)大(da)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出端(duan)就會(hui)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出一個與(yu)負電(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(如果運算放(fang)(fang)大(da)器用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是單電(dian)(dian)源,則輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為零)。
其次,由于放(fang)大(da)(da)倍數(shu)為無窮大(da)(da),所(suo)以不能將(jiang)運算(suan)放(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)直接用(yong)來(lai)做(zuo)放(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)用(yong),必須(xu)要將(jiang)輸(shu)出(chu)的信號(hao)反(fan)(fan)饋(kui)(kui)到(dao)反(fan)(fan)相(xiang)(xiang)輸(shu)入端(稱為負(fu)反(fan)(fan)饋(kui)(kui))來(lai)降低它的放(fang)大(da)(da)倍數(shu)。如圖1-3中左(zuo)圖所(suo)示,R1的作用(yong)就是將(jiang)輸(shu)出(chu)的信號(hao)返回(hui)到(dao)運算(suan)放(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)的反(fan)(fan)相(xiang)(xiang)輸(shu)入端,由于反(fan)(fan)相(xiang)(xiang)輸(shu)入端與輸(shu)出(chu)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是相(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)(fan)的,所(suo)以會減(jian)小電(dian)(dian)路的放(fang)大(da)(da)倍數(shu),是一個負(fu)反(fan)(fan)饋(kui)(kui)電(dian)(dian)路,電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)Rf也叫做(zuo)負(fu)反(fan)(fan)饋(kui)(kui)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)。
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